Introduction. The low level of student health is relevant not only from a medical, but also from a social and pedagogical point of view, and requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to address it. The main task of any higher educational institution is to train qualified specialists with good physical fitness who are able to maintain their working capacity and activity for a long time. Objective. The aim is to study and summarize modern data on the health status of medical students and to identify factors influencing their health. Methods and materials. This literature review is devoted to the state of health of medical university students for the period from 2010 to 2024. The study used a systematic analysis of 27 relevant sources (5 foreign and 22 domestic), based on data from publications in PubMed and Russian information and educational portals. The main selection criteria included the availability of information about students' health, the use of modern assessment methods, and representativeness. The methodology includes qualitative, comparative analysis and synthesis of data, with special attention to the level of diseases, stress, lifestyle and risk factors. The work allows us to identify current trends and problems in the field of medical students' health, providing a comprehensive overview of scientific material. Results and discussion. There is a deterioration in the health status of young people, which is manifested in an increase in the incidence of various diseases. The most common of these are respiratory diseases, followed by disorders of the digestive system and disorders of the nervous system. As the length of university studies increases, the number of students suffering from chronic diseases and susceptible to frequent acute respiratory infections increases. Conclusion. In general, students express a desire to lead a healthy lifestyle, but they often face a lack of time, willpower and discipline to implement it. During the learning process, their health deteriorates, which often leads to increased stress levels.