Introduction. Rural areas are an important element of life in any country, where powerful economic, natural, demographic and cultural potential is concentrated. Among the objectives of the national project "Long and Active Life" is the improvement of medical care in rural areas, the development of emergency medical care. In the implementation of these plans, a special role belongs to emergency medical care organizations, capable of providing timely, accessible and high-quality medical care to residents of rural areas. The purpose of the study: to study the dynamics and causes of emergency medical aid calls by rural residents in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The data of industry statistical monitoring were used - form No. 40 "Report of the station (department) of the emergency hospital" for 2010-2013 and the data of federal statistical monitoring - form No. 30 for the Russian Federation for the period 2014-2023. Normative legal, statistical and analytical research methods were applied. MS Office Excel 2016 spreadsheets were used for data processing. Research results. The analysis of the activities of emergency medical care organizations in providing medical care to the rural population of the Russian Federation was conducted in 2010-2023. The number of rural population served was 37.6±0.5 million people (25.9±0.6% of the country's population). During the study period, 9.5±0.3 million people annually sought emergency medical care, which is 21.0±0.7% of emergency medical care patients in the country. There was a significant increase in the number of requests during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data were obtained on a lower level of requests for emergency medical care by the rural population (0.252±0.007 calls per 1 inhabitant, which is 18.9% lower than the indicator for urban residents). The structure of calls in rural areas differed little from the general indicators: the main and predominant part of the reasons for calling an ambulance to the rural population were sudden diseases and conditions (73.8%). The hospitalization rate of residents of rural areas (18.0±3.9%) was 29.1% lower than the all-Russian rate (25.4±3.4%), 2010-2023. Conclusion. Every year, emergency medical services provide care to 9.5±0.3 million people living in rural areas. In the period from 2010 to 2023, this indicator decreased by 6.3%, which correlates with a decrease in the total number of ambulance patients (r=0.632, direct, medium strength correlation). The proportion of rural residents among SMP patients is 21.0±0.7%, which increased by 2.1% from 2010 to 2023. During the Covid-19 pandemic (in 2021), more than 10.0 million patients living in rural areas received SMP, 7.7% higher than the pre-Covid-19 level (2019). The main and predominant (p