Introduction. The ongoing reforms in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation have affected the optimization of the size of the army and navy, necessary to ensure the solution of tasks to ensure the military security of our country. Goal. To characterize the medical and social indicators of conscripts of the Orenburg region. Materials and methods. Accounting and accounting documents of the draft commission of the Orenburg region were used. The study period is from 2014 to 2023. The medical and social characteristics of 1,000 conscripts were studied by anonymous random sampling. When compiling the questionnaire, the recommendations of Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences A.V. Reshetnikov were used. Studies of quality of life parameters have been conducted using the International Standardized questionnaire MOS SF – 36. The results of the professional and psychological selection conducted according to the requirements of the guidance documents of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation were copied from the personal files of the conscripts. The formula of Merkov A.M. and Polyakov L.E. was used to calculate the representativeness of the sample. Modern research methods were used: sociological, statistical and analytical. Results. During the period from 2010 to 2021, the number of citizens of military age has remained virtually unchanged. To fulfill the order for conscription of citizens for military service, it was necessary not only to maintain the amount of conscription resources, but also to increase it by increasing suitability for military service. From 2014 to 2023, this figure increased by 4.2%, which made it possible to increase the number of citizens fit for military service for health reasons by 1,660 people. The characteristics of the recruits were as follows. The bulk of conscripts - 71.8% - received secondary specialized and secondary vocational education; their age in 80.3% of cases was from 18 to 20 years; 92.7% of citizens did not mind undergoing military service; the average values of their quality of life indicators ranged from 80.0 points (on the vitality scale) to 96.1 points (on the physical functioning scale). The moral and business qualities of 82.5% of conscripts were predominantly characterized by the presence of “good” neuropsychic stability and in 82.4% cognitive abilities of a “good level”. Discussion. During the study period, the annual number of citizens conscripted for military service remained at the same level. Conscripts were characterized by good indicators of fitness for military service for health reasons, which increased from 67.4% in 2014 to 71.6% in 2023, a sufficient educational level, high quality of life parameters, and good moral and business qualities. Conclusion. The assignment of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to conscript citizens for military service was fulfilled in full in quantitative and qualitative terms.