Introduction. For a quarter of a century, there has been an increase in the incidence of both adult and child diseases throughout the Russian Federation, which characterizes the level of health of the population as a whole. Health, especially of the children's population, is one of the main values in every person's life. According to various studies, it has been found that the young population has insufficient awareness of socially significant risk factors and a low level of medical activity, which in the future may lead to the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. According to the results of the study for 2007-2011, it was found that the overall morbidity of students tended to increase by 20.3%. The purpose of the study. To carry out a comprehensive analysis of the morbidity of adolescents in the Russian Federation, with the identification of its structure. Materials and methods. A content analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications devoted to the general, newly identified morbidity and its structure in young children has been carried out. A total of 98 literature sources were analyzed, including reviews, opinions of experts and politicians, from which 57 sources were selected on key research issues over the past 10 years. Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis of the dynamics of the general and newly identified morbidity from 2014 to 2022 in children aged 15-17, it was found that there is a growing trend in the territory of the Russian Federation as a whole – by 0.9 and 4.1% (from 229468.3 to 231505.5 and from 143109.3 to 149143.8, respectively, per 100,000 children of the corresponding age). During the analysis of the incidence structure, such socially significant diseases as endocrine pathologies, circulatory system, reproductive system, mental disorders and behavioral disorders, diseases of the oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws were noted. Conclusions. The study identified the need for further research into the causes of the high incidence of the following socially significant diseases in the child population: type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic rheumatic heart disease, diseases characterized by high blood pressure, non-inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs, mental disorders and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances, dental caries, gingivitis and periodontal diseases.