Introduction. Preventive medical examinations (PMEs) and routine health check-ups of certain adult population groups are a cornerstone of the Russian strategy to reduce the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system. Despite a centralized regulatory framework, the effectiveness of these measures varies and depends on the readiness of medical organizations (MOs) to implement them. The aim of this article is to assess the level of organizational and professional readiness of MOs in the Novosibirsk region to conduct PMEs and check-ups, identify key problems, and propose solutions. Materials and methods. A qualitative sociological study was conducted using personal formalized interviews with structured questionnaires. The sample comprised 99 respondents from 4 MOs, including management, internal quality control commission members, general practitioners from medical prevention departments/offices, health centers, district services, nursing staff, and paramedics from feldsher-obstetric stations. Results. The mean age of respondents was 44 years, with a work experience of approximately 20 years. Only 11% of general practitioners and 18% of managers had additional training in "preventive medicine". The vast majority of respondents (95%) correctly identified the main objective of check-ups. However, gaps were revealed when detailing the tasks of the first stage. Discussion. The study revealed a contradictory picture. On the one hand, a high level of awareness regarding check-up objectives (95% of respondents) and key risk factors (RFs) was recorded. On the other hand, systemic problems were identified: low population attendance (cited as the main problem by 91% of managers), staff shortages and high workload, insufficient depth of preventive counseling, a gap in knowledge and skills between preventive and district service staff, and formalism in record-keeping and questionnaire interpretation. Internal quality control experts most frequently noted a low referral rate to the second stage of check-ups (63%) and errors in questionnaires (50%). Conclusion. The readiness of medical organizations in the Novosibirsk region to conduct preventive examinations and check-ups is inadequate. The key constraining factors are: staff shortages; gaps in competencies; formalization of the process; and low population attendance. A comprehensive systemic approach is required to overcome these issues.