Introduction. Cerebrovascular diseases remain one of the most significant medical and social challenges of our time, creating a heavy burden for healthcare systems in all regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to examine the main trends in the medical and social aspects of cerebrovascular diseases worldwide. Material and methods. Bibliosemantic analysis of literary sources was carried out using the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI, eLibrary.ru. 141 publications were selected using the keywords cerebrovascular diseases, medical and social aspects, and disability, including 25 foreign sources. This paper provides a detailed analysis of these publications. Results. A positive trend in mortality from cerebrovascular diseases is observed in a number of economically developed countries, including Japan, Finland, Norway, Australia, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Switzerland. However, in some Eastern European countries, such as Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and others, the mortality rate from stroke continues to increase. The main contributor to the reduction in mortality in countries with a positive trend is the decrease in mortality from ischemic stroke. The seemingly minimal rates in a number of developing countries, such as Mongolia, Sri Lanka, and Nigeria, are an artifact caused not by the low prevalence of the disease, but by the critical lack of qualified neurological diagnosis and hospital infrastructure, which either prevents the verification of the diagnosis or makes it impossible to accurately record the data, resulting in an "epidemiological shadow" that distorts global estimates of the disease burden. Conclusions. In a number of countries, the annual number of strokes has already surpassed the combined rates of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and this is not a local statistical artifact, but a persistent epidemiological trend that requires clinicians and healthcare managers to reconsider the logic of systemic prevention of cerebrovascular events and increase clinical vigilance in groups with uncontrolled or undiagnosed risk factors.