Introduction. Early detection of cystic fibrosis, which requires lifelong therapy, determines the quality of life of children, which determines the relevance of assessing regional differences in neonatal screening coverage and disease detection. Purpose: to assess the coverage of neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis and the incidence of the disease in newborns in the Russian Federation and federal districts for the period 2020–2024, and to conduct a detailed regional analysis in the districts with the highest detection rates. Materials and methods. An analysis of Rosstat data for 2020–2024 on neonatal screening coverage for cystic fibrosis (in %) and the incidence of the disease (per 100,000 newborns) in Russia and eight federal districts was conducted, as well as a detailed analysis of the subjects with the highest rates. Descriptive statistics (M ± SD), assessment of indicator dynamics, calculation of 95% confidence intervals, and the Z-test for comparison with the national average were used. The significance level was set at pfibrosis detection were identified, indicating the need to improve the quality of laboratory diagnostics and address organizational deficiencies in the regions.