Introduction. The Federal program "New Model of a Medical Organization Providing Primary Health Care" (NMOM PHC) became a direct continuation of the pilot project "Lean Polyclinic" and was regulated in the methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation as a target organizational model that links the levels of maturity, indicators of accessibility, quality, and patient satisfaction, as well as requirements for digital infrastructure. Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of the organizational model of PHC in the Central Administrative District of Moscow with regional and international systems. Materials and methods. A systematic analysis of 192 scientific publications (99 in English, 93 in Russian) from the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka databases for 2019–2026, as well as regulatory documents, was conducted. For detailed analysis, 36 publications were selected based on the keywords primary health care, healthcare organizational model, and foreign healthcare. Results and discussion. In the studies of the digital maturity of the primary healthcare sector, integral indices are proposed for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which take into account not only the overall level of digitalization, but also specific parameters, such as the availability of high-speed internet in medical organizations and the extent of telemedicine use. This assessment allows for the differentiation of regions based on their actual potential for implementing lean approaches, rather than their formal participation in the project. International experience shows that in a metropolis with a heterogeneous demographic structure, where "aging" areas and highly mobile working groups coexist, a sustainable effect is achieved not only through digitalization per se, but also through the combination of process management, such as routing, waiting times, and workload distribution, with well-developed digital access channels. This pattern is evident in the healthcare systems of Japan, the United States, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, and several other countries. The European context provides a broader framework for this approach.The focus is shifting to system-level solutions. The OECD's "Health at a Glance 2023" report highlights the central importance of strengthened primary healthcare and digital tools, such as electronic records, telemedicine, and patient portals, for the sustainability of healthcare systems and for managing workload. This is not about private modernization but about the underlying architecture. Conclusions. International comparisons ultimately show a fairly clear pattern: the digitalization of the primary sector is a necessary but insufficient condition for sustainable growth in efficiency, while the maximum result is achieved by combining digital access channels with managed routes, load balancing, and measures to reduce digital inequality.