Relevance. The growing proportion of older adults in Iran necessitates increased attention not only to longevity but also to quality of life. Current policies in Iran are increasingly oriented toward reducing social isolation, alleviating loneliness, and improving the overall well-being of the elderly population. One promising approach involves the development of intergenerational living environments as platforms for dialogue and interaction across age groups. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of social health among older adults and examined the impact of social well-being on cognitive function in residents of intergenerational versus conventional housing complexes. Objective.To conduct a comparative analysis of the effects of residential environment on the social and cognitive health of older adults. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving 96 participants aged 65 years and older, residing in four intergenerational housing complexes (Apadana, Negin, Farhoud, Mehraveh) and four conventional housing complexes (Moein, Mehregan, Aram, Golsar). Data were collected using Keyes’ Social Well-Being Questionnaire and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, applying independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression. Results. The findings indicated that older adults living in intergenerational housing complexes demonstrated significantly higher scores in both social health (42.1 vs. 31.5) and cognitive function (27.8 vs. 25.0) compared to those in conventional housing (p