Introduction. The rise in otolaryngological pathologies necessitates targeted planning of medical care for the population based on the study of their incidence. Objective. To analyze the structure and dynamics of ENT pathology in a large industrial region. Materials and Methods. An analysis of Federal Statistical Observation Form No. 12, "Information on the Number of Diseases Registered in Patients Residing in the Service Area of a Medical Organization," Table 3000 for the Chelyabinsk Region for the period 2020-2024, was conducted. Results and Discussion. Between 2020 and 2024, the overall incidence of ear, nose, and throat diseases increased by 5.5%, while the primary incidence of ear, nose, and throat diseases increased by 0.5%. Overall, the primary incidence of ear, nose, and throat diseases increased by 14.8% during the study period, with the largest increases observed for allergic rhinitis (+30.1%) and acute laryngitis and tracheitis (+17.9%). A study of the incidence and follow-up of patients with ear and mastoid diseases revealed insufficient follow-up, as well as low detection rates of these diseases during routine examinations. This is due to a shortage of otolaryngologists, the transfer of their functions to primary care physicians, and the limited availability of specialized diagnostic methods. Conclusion. Decreased accessibility and quality of otolaryngology care may contribute to an increase in chronic ENT diseases, leading to disability and a reduced quality of life for patients.