Healthcare is one of the most important areas of social policy, on which the well-being and quality of life of citizens depend. The rapidly changing world creates a need for reforming healthcare systems. The purpose of the study - to examine the features of healthcare systems during the reform period and to conduct a comparative analysis of the healthcare systems of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Materials and methods. The main characteristics and features of the national healthcare systems of the three countries - the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, and the Republic of Uzbekistan - were studied based on literature data and information posted on official websites on the Internet. A method of comparative analysis was used. The results and their discussion. Key aspects of the organization, financing, resources, staffing, technological equipment of healthcare systems, that ensure the availability of medical care in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, and the Republic of Uzbekistan are considered. The comparative analysis of the healthcare systems of these countries revealed both similarities and differences, due to the level of socio-economic development and specifics of the national healthcare management systems. Conclusion. The analysis of the healthcare systems of the three countries identified prospects for cooperation, which will make it possible to effectively address healthcare challenges, implement innovative methods of treatment and disease prevention, and promote cooperation in the training of highly qualified medical personnel.