Introduction. The low level of patient compliance with the regimen and treatment regimen prescribed by a doctor is a serious problem in medicine. About 33-50% of patients with chronic diseases and about 59% of patients with neurological disorders do not adhere to long-term medication. This leads to a deterioration in the effectiveness of treatment, an increase in complications, a decrease in quality of life, an increase in hospitalizations and mortality. Purpose. To analyze and systematize the data obtained during the study regarding the problem of compliance in patients with neurological and neurosurgical profiles of SOCB, to draw conclusions based on the results of the work carried out, as well as to develop prevention methods based on the facts obtained. Materials and methods. Conducting our own research by interviewing patients at the Smolensk State Medical University, as well as analyzing data from some domestic and foreign scientific papers on the problem of compliance in medicine. Results. The results obtained during the study confirm the literature data that compliance is a really serious problem in medicine. Failure to follow the doctor's instructions can lead to a deterioration in the effectiveness of treatment, complications, new diseases, and an increase in disability and mortality rates. There is a statistical difference in patients' adherence to treatment in the two departments, but it turned out to be insignificant, which indicates the need for further research on this topic. Discussions. Our results confirm the literature data that compliance is a really serious problem in medicine. Many factors of treatment adherence depend on the tactics of the attending physician. Conclusions. The problem of compliance is one of the most urgent today not only in neurology and neurosurgery, but also in medicine in general. This is confirmed by the literature data and the results of scientific work carried out on the basis of the SSMU. It is necessary to conduct further research on compliance in neurology and neurosurgery, as well as to create a comprehensive prevention system that helps improve people's compliance and focuses on improving their health, which should ultimately be of great socio-economic importance.