Significance. The preventive direction in healthcare is traditional in our country and has its own history. Since the late twenties of the last century, one of the most important components of the preventive direction has been medical examination, which in different historical periods had its own specific features and peculiarities and, of course, certain problems, including organizational and managerial ones. The causes of organizational and managerial problems were mostly due to an insufficiently fully developed methodology for conducting medical examinations. At the present stage, the issue of methodology is also insufficiently developed, especially in terms of monitoring and evaluating the conduct of medical examinations. Considering that modern medical examination as a preventive measure has a number of features inherent in the project, the authors for the first time attempted to justify the expediency of a project approach to the development of a methodology for conducting and evaluating medical examinations. Purpose: to substantiate the expediency of using the project approach as the basis of the methodology for conducting, monitoring and evaluating the medical examination of the adult population. Materials and methods. The research used methods of content analysis, analytical generalization, comparative and analogies. The materials of the ConsultantPlus legal reference system, the electronic databases of the CyberLeninka scientific electronic libraries and eLibrary were used.RU, as well as the Internet information space. Results. A retrospective analysis of the formation and development of medical examination as the main preventive measure of the healthcare system is carried out. By the method of comparative analysis and analytical generalization, the comparability of the signs of medical examination and the project is shown, which allows us to apply a project approach to the development of a methodology for conducting and evaluating medical examinations. Conclusions. The use of the project approach can become a comprehensive methodological basis for conducting, monitoring and evaluating the medical examination of the adult population.