Introduction. Depression and anxiety disorders are currently considered to be among the most significant factors affecting public health and the sustainability of the healthcare system. According to the World Health Organization, depression is one of the leading causes of disability in the world, and anxiety is widespread as a concomitant disorder in chronic somatic diseases. In the article, the author pays attention to the situation in Belarus: the features of the diagnosis of anxiety-depressive states in the outpatient network and their detection in inpatient settings are analyzed. It is emphasized that inpatient care often becomes the first stage in the detection of mental disorders, while the primary link does not always cope with the task of timely detection of this pathology. Purpose. To study modern epidemiological data on depression and anxiety, their social and medical significance, as well as to consider the impact of these disorders on the duration of hospitalizations, repeat admissions and the economic burden on healthcare in the Republic of Belarus by analyzing scientific publications on the problem. Material and methods. The analysis of published literary sources in specialized scientific search engines Google Scholar, SpringerLink, PubMed is presented. Results. An analysis of the situation in Belarus has shown that the problem is exacerbated by a number of features of the national health system. Among them: insufficient detection of anxiety-depressive states at the level of the outpatient polyclinic network, a shift in diagnosis towards the hospital stage, as well as limited access to psychotherapy and a shortage of specialists in the regions. As a result, multidisciplinary hospitals are becoming the main space for the detection of concomitant mental disorders, although their structure is initially focused on the treatment of somatic diseases.The social and economic consequences of anxiety and depression for Belarus are manifested in an increase in the number of cases of temporary disability, disability among people of working age, an increase in the duration of hospitalizations and additional costs for diagnosis and treatment. The analysis revealed positive trends: the development of preventive schools for patients with chronic diseases, pilot programs of cognitive behavioral therapy in a number of hospitals, and the beginning of the integration of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists into interdisciplinary practice. These measures are consistent with international standards. Conclusions. To increase the effectiveness of the fight against anxiety and depressive disorders in the Republic of Belarus, it is necessary to strengthen the training of general practitioners in the field of psychiatry, introduce screening tools for early detection, expand psychotherapeutic care in the regions and use telemedicine technologies. Thus, the comprehensive development of the psychiatric support system, the integration of mental health into general medical practice and the overcoming of stigmatization are strategic directions that will reduce the burden of mental disorders, strengthen public health and increase the sustainability of healthcare in Belarus.