The digitalization of healthcare, primarily through the implementation of electronic medical records (EMRs), is intended to improve the quality, accessibility, and effectiveness of care. However, despite technological advantages and significant investments, EMR implementation faces not only technical and financial challenges but also psychological and social barriers arising from the interaction of personal, professional, and organizational factors. The aim of this study was to identify and systematically analyze the social and psychological barriers hindering the implementation of electronic medical records (EMRs) among primary care physicians. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, E-library, and CyberLeninka for the period 2021–2025. The key terms used were "electronic medical record," "social barriers," "EMR barriers," "electronic health records," "physician adoption," and "healthcare digitalization." Results and discussion. The study identified two main groups of barriers to the implementation of electronic medical records in primary healthcare: psychological and socio-organizational. Psychological barriers include resistance to change due to the desire to maintain familiar clinical scenarios; technological anxiety and uncertainty, expressed in the fear of errors and loss of control over decision-making; emotional burnout and cognitive overload, which reduce the ability to learn new skills; and a lack of motivation, caused by the lack of obvious benefits of EHRs and negative experiences with previously implemented systems. Socio-organizational barriers include a lack of management and methodological support during implementation, strict time constraints due to high clinical workload, regulatory uncertainty regarding data protection and storage, demographic and educational factors, and corporate conservatism, fueled by skepticism from the professional community. Conclusion. Implementation of EHRs in primary care is hampered by a combination of psychological (resistance to change, anxiety, burnout, lack of motivation) and social (lack of support, time and legal constraints) barriers. Their impact creates a vicious cycle of cognitive and emotional overload, increased paperwork, and errors, hindering digital transformation. Overcoming these obstacles requires a combination of measures: process optimization, targeted training, organizational support, and legal regulation.