Introduction. One of the most important conditions for the successful socio-economic development of the Russian Federation is to achieve sustainable demographic growth and solve demographic problems. The most pronounced signs of the demographic crisis are observed in regions with developed industry, including the Central Chernozemny Economic Region among others; this is especially essential in terms of the high demand for the working age population. The aim of the study: to investigate the dynamics of specific demographic parameters in the entities of the Central Chernozemny Economic Region of the Russian Federation from 2018 to 2023. Materials and methods. We studied such parameters as the population, the crude birth rate, the total fertility rate, the number of women of reproductive age, the number of abortions per a thousand women aged 15-49 years, based on annual statistical developments and freely available by Rosstat. Approaches applied were analytical and statistical. Results. The demographic situation in the Central Chernozemny Economic Region has been characterized by the decreased population, including the number of women of reproductive age, and the decreased crude birth rate and total fertility rates, which corresponds to national trends. The rate of abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-49 years in the Central Chernozemny Economic Region during the entire follow-up period is lower than in the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation. A positive trend related to the reducing number of abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-49 years has been established in the entities of the Central Chernozemny Economic Region. Discussion. Abortions account for a significant proprtion in the structure of reproductive losses, and measures taken at the state level to support families with children and strengthen traditional values, as well as to tighten anti-abortion legislation, are aimed at stabilizing the demographic situation. The impact of the healthcare system on the population, including women of reproductive age, and the crude birth rate and total fertility rate is limited, as these parameters depend on various non-health-related causes and are largely socially determined. Meanwhile, the reducing number of abortions, the latter having a significant impact on women's reproductive health, is a crucial challenge for the maternal and child health system, including medical organizations that provide assistance to women. Conclusion. Along with the decreased population, including the number of women of reproductive age, the decreased crude birth rate and total fertility rates in the Central Chernozem economic region, there is a positive trend regarding the abortion rate, and the rate of their decline. Notably, the abortion rate is lower, and the rate of their decline is higher than the national average. The results obtained prove the correct direction of demographic policy in the Central Chernozemny Economic Region and, at the same time, indicate significant reserves for improving the demographic situation in the region under study.