Relevance. The authors of this study originate in the Amur Region, where the average population density is 2.08 people/km², and in the permafrost zone, 0.2 people/km², compared to the national average of 8.6 people/km². Most of its districts are remote and hard-to-reach, complicating the provision of medical care to Amur residents. The climate in most of these areas is unfavorable for human health [1]. Research objective: To outline prospects for healthcare development in hard-to-reach and remote regions of Russia and provide evidence of the positive role of modern telemedicine technologies for their populations. Material and methods. A search of authoritative Russian and international scientific databases covering the past 10 years was conducted using the following keywords: remote and hard-to-reach areas, remote industrial enterprises, unfavorable climatic factors, and telemedicine in hard-to-reach and remote regions of Russia. The search yielded 273 articles, 34 of which were included in this review. Research results. This article defines hard-to-reach and remote areas, identifies the climatic and social factors detrimental to human health in these areas, outlines the challenges of providing medical care to their populations, presents the potential and prospects for remote medical technologies designed to make medical services in these areas more accessible and of higher quality, and improve the health and productivity of the population. Positive examples of telemedicine implementation in hard-to-reach areas of the Russian Federation are provided. Conclusion. Telemedicine cannot solve all the problems facing domestic healthcare, but by providing remote access to qualified medical care, it can alleviate the shortage of medical personnel and equipment in hard-to-reach and remote areas. Consequently, it will play a positive role in improving the health of all categories of the local population and lead to a reduction in healthcare costs.