Significance. Malignant neoplasms (MND) are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms by 2023 in the Russian Federation amounted to 8%, while the population loss remains. The problem of implementation of the current norms of legislation on the provision of medical care to patients with MND in regions and cities of federal significance has been noted by Russian researchers and requires a detailed analysis with the aim of introducing changes in regulatory documents, which is necessary to provide quality and affordable medical care to patients with cancer. The purpose of the study – analysis of normative acts and scientific publications on the organization of medical care for patients with malignant neoplasms in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods of research. Materials of printed works in the database of scientific electronic library Elibrary.ru were analyzed. The research methods were analytical review, method of expert evaluations and content analysis, 38 sources of literature were used. The results. The primary regulatory documents governing the provision of medical care to cancer patients in the Russian Federation include the Federal Law No. 323-FZ, dated November 21, 2011, titled “On the Fundamentals of Health Protection for Citizens in the Russian Federation”; the Ministry of Health's Order No. 548n from June 4, 2020, which establishes the procedures for monitoring adults with cancer; and the Ministry of Health's Order No. 116n from February 19, 2021, which outlines the medical care protocols for adults diagnosed with cancer. Many authors of scientific articles highlight several contentious aspects regarding the current implementation of these laws and regulations in managing care for patients with malignant neoplasms (MND). These issues include the right to select a medical institution as per Federal Law No. 323, the significance of the oncology patient’s pathway in accordance with Order No. 116n and local directives, the absence of precise standards for the establishment and operation of outpatient oncology care centers, and the mechanisms for collaboration between public and private healthcare entities. Discussion. The main normative legal acts and materials of scientific publications are analyzed, in accordance with which medical care is provided to patients with established oncological diagnosis, as well as in case of suspected MND. The problems in the issues of routing of oncological patients at the regional level, the place of oncological consilium in providing care to patients with benign tumors, as well as the role of outpatient oncological care centers in conditions of limited resources are revealed. Conclusion. Regulation of practical application of normative and legal acts and development of an optimal model of organization of medical care for oncological patients in the regions implies the creation of conditions for reducing morbidity and mortality rates in the population of the Russian Federation.