Introduction. Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and requires a complex treatment strategy. A multidisciplinary approach involving collaboration of specialists from different disciplines (surgery, medical oncology, radiation therapy, pathology, etc.) is considered a gold standard in modern cancer care. Objective. Evaluation the role of multidisciplinary collaboration in organizing teamwork among specialists in the treatment of cancer patients, to assess its impact on key clinical outcomes (survival, recurrence rates, quality and timeliness of treatment), as well as to identify the advantages and potential limitations of the multidisciplinary approach in contemporary oncology practice. Materials and Methods. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, including epidemiological data, national and international guidelines, and results from clinical studies (meta-analyses, randomized and cohort studies) over recent decades that examined the efficacy of multidisciplinary management in oncology. Results: The multidisciplinary approach is associated with improvement in key outcomes: increased overall survival, reduced risk of recurrence, faster initiation of therapy, and greater adherence to guidelines. A major meta-analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in overall survival for patients managed by multidisciplinary teams (hazard ratio ~0.60), as well as a reduction in time from diagnosis to treatment by about 12 days. Multiple studies demonstrated that tumor board discussions led to changes in initial treatment plans for 15–50% of patients, optimizing therapy by incorporating all available modalities. Data from large cohorts are presented: for example, in localized lung cancer, involvement of an MDT increased median survival in stage III disease from 25.7 to 41.2 months , and a national breast cancer study found that MDT care reduced recurrence risk (HR≈0.84). Discussion: The benefits of interdisciplinary interactions stem from pooling the expertise of various specialists, resulting in more accurate staging, selection of the optimal combination of treatments, and adherence to standards of care. Improvements are also noted in managing comorbidities, providing psychosocial support, and patient satisfaction. Organizational barriers to implementing this approach (resource intensity, need for coordination) and strategies to overcome them are discussed. Conclusions: The multidisciplinary team approach significantly improves the quality and outcomes of cancer patient care and should be considered an essential component of modern oncology practice.