Introduction. The neonatal period is a critical time for the child's development. Effective early diagnosis of diseases (pathological conditions) is an important link in ensuring high-quality medical care in neonatal practice. Purpose: to conduct a comparative assessment of organizational approaches to the appointment of X-ray diagnostic methods for newborns in the practice of medical specialists. Materials and methods: An anonymous survey of 386 doctors of clinical specialties working with newborns in medical organizations of the Northwestern Federal District was conducted. For statistical processing and analysis of the obtained results, MS Office-2019 packages and the StatSoft-Statistica 10.0 statistical software package were used. Results and discussion: Disease diagnostics is the main reason for prescribing radiographic examinations for 90.3% of doctors in the metropolis and 95.7% in the regions. Dynamic treatment monitoring is in second place among metropolis specialists (47.1%), while monitoring of therapy effectiveness is in second place among the regions (44.1%). Radiography is the most common, being prescribed 1.7 times more often by metropolis specialists (79.4%) than by the regions (48.1%). MRI is a priority for regional doctors (51.9%), while in St. Petersburg this figure is 2.5 times lower (20.6%). CT is almost equally popular among metropolis (20.6%) and regional (19.5%) doctors. Differences in assessments of the informativeness of radiographic methods among metropolis and regional doctors are insignificant (p> 0.05). The most informative method is CT (37.8% and 38.2%, respectively), and the next most informative is MRI (27.3% and 26.5%). MRI is the most trusted by both metropolitan (32.4%) and regional (31.2%) specialists, the second most reliable in both cases is radiography (23.5% and 27.3%, respectively). CT is 2.3 times more often rated as less reliable in the metropolis (11.8%) than in the regions (27.3%). Radiography has the most significant impact on diagnosis in newborns, especially when clarifying and confirming the diagnosis. According to doctors, CT and MRI have less impact on diagnosis. At the same time, CT has a greater impact on changing and clarifying the diagnosis than on confirming it. MRI is more effective in helping specialists clarify the diagnosis, especially in a metropolis, where this figure is 1.5 times higher (35.1% versus 20.6%; p