Introduction. Hereditary diseases make a significant contribution to the structure of morbidity, disability and mortality of the child population. The aim of the study: to analyze the dynamics of the incidence of congenital anomalies, deformations and chromosomal disorders in the child population of Moscow in comparison with the Central Federal District (CFD) and the Russian Federation (RF) as a whole. Material and methods. The work was carried out using the materials of statistical collections "Main indicators of maternal and child health, activities of child protection and obstetric services in the Russian Federation" for 2015-2022. In the mathematical processing of the obtained data, the methods of variation statistics were used. When analyzing the dynamic series of indicators, their main trends were determined by modeling trends using the approximation method. Results and discussion. Over the period 2015-2022, the primary incidence rates of congenital anomalies, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities in children aged 0-14 in the Russian Federation, the Central Federal District and Moscow decreased by 17.1%, 20.3% and 14.8%, respectively. Throughout the observation period, the primary incidence rates of this pathology in Moscow were consistently below the Russian level, and in some years, the district level. Over the same period, the overall incidence rates of congenital anomalies, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities in the child population in the Russian Federation, the Central Federal District and Moscow increased by 5.8%, 2.5% and 12.6%, respectively. Stagnation in the overall incidence rate was confirmed by modeling trends. At the same time, the structure of congenital anomalies in children remained virtually unchanged. The first three ranking places were occupied, as in the case of primary morbidity, by congenital anomalies of the circulatory system, congenital deformities of the hip and congenital anomalies of the nervous system. For the period 2015-2022, the rates of primary morbidity with congenital anomalies, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities in children aged 15-17 in the Russian Federation and the Central Federal District decreased by 25.7%, 28.8%. Positive dynamics in the incidence rate was confirmed when modeling trends. At the same time, stagnation of indicators was noted in Moscow. The level of overall morbidity in the compared territories changed insignificantly. Conclusion. It is important to take into account the identified features of the dynamics and trends in the incidence of congenital anomalies, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities in the child population when developing appropriate management decisions for their prevention.