Introduction. Improving public health is one of the main tasks in the work of the modern health care system and medical organizations, including those providing assistance to dermatovenereological patients. In the structure of registered diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, diseases diagnosed for the first time in life account for 71%. Orphan skin diseases often lead to disability of patients, which determines the need for multidisciplinary medical care. Purpose of the study: to study the implementation of an individual program of medical and social assistance to patients with rare dermatological diseases using a case from medical practice as an example and to propose measures to improve the care of patients with orphan diseases. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using analytical, descriptive, statistical research methods, and the method of observation in dynamics. The material was processed and analyzed in Excel. The source of statistical data for the study is the Russian statistical yearbooks for 2010, 2014, 2019, 2020. Legislative documents were used to analyze the legal framework for care for patients with orphan diseases. Results and discussion. During the study, methods of medical and social care for patients with orphan diseases were determined, and a model of patient-centric care for patients was created. For an objective assessment of the care provided to patients with orphan diseases, the researchers analyzed a clinical case from practice in dynamics, paying special attention to the social and everyday adaptation and communication of a patient with dermatosis. Methods of prevention, treatment, and medical and social rehabilitation of individuals with rare diseases were proposed to improve the quality of medical care for patients with orphan dermatological diseases.